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Sicyos maximowiczii

Cogn. (1881)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Rosids Order: Cucurbitales Family: Cucurbitaceae Genus: Sicyos

‘ānunu [anunu], puaokama

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Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Trailing or climbing annual herbs.

Stems: Stems up to 10 m long and 4 mm in diameter, sparsely hirsute to glabrate.

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. Alternate. Blades reniform to broadly ovate–cordate with a narrow to broad basal sinus, 6–12 cm long, 6–15 cm wide, 5–7–angled to shallowly lobed. Apex short-acuminate. Surfaces more or less tomentose when young, becoming scabrid on upper surface; lower surfaces more densely scabrid or hispid with white hairs. Margins minutely denticulate. Petioles 4–15 cm long, stout, hispid. Stipules absent; tendrils in the stipular position 3–5–branched.

Flowers: Flowers in staminate flowers in glandular pubescent panicles 5–23 cm long, peduncles 2–14 cm long, pedicels 2–7 mm long; pistillate flowers 10–25 per head, sessile on glandular pubescent peduncles (8–)12–40 mm long. Flowers usually unisexual (and the plants monoecious or dioecious), actinomorphic. Calyx of 5 sepals; sepals inserted on hypanthium. Corolla of staminate flowers pale yellow or white, 5-lobed, 7–9 mm in diameter, glandular, petals inserted on hypanthium alternate with calyx lobes, usually connate at base, the limb often rotate; Corolla of pistillate flowers: 5-lobed, glandular, perianth usually smaller than in staminate flowers. Stamens in staminate flowers (2)3(–5), inserted at base of hypanthium; filaments connate into a column; anthers curved or flexuous, coherent and spreading, opening by longitudinal slits; pistillate flowers: staminodes absent. Ovary inferior, of a single carpel or 3-carpellate with carpels connate into a single 3-lobed cell; ovule 1, placentation parietal; stigma 3-lobed, the lobes reflexed.

Fruit: Fruit pale brown; obovoid; 6–12 mm long; 6–9 mm in diameter; obscurely ribbed; outgrowths ascending or spreading; 1.5–3 mm long; densely pilose with pale; multicellular; glandular hairs. Seeds 1 per fruit; ovate; endosperm absent.

Ploidy:

Habitat: In herb communities with Ipomoea indica and Tribulus cistoides or in Scaevola sericea shrubland; on coral sand.

Elevation Range: near sea level.

Historical Distribution

Images

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Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Endemic

Island Status

Mokupāpapa (Kure atoll) Endemic
Ni'ihau(Incl. Lehua) Endemic
Manawai (Pearl & Hermes Atoll) Endemic
O'ahu Endemic
Kapou(Lisianski Island) Endemic
Kamole(Laysan Island) Endemic

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Bibliography

Name Published In: A.L.P.P.de Candolle & A.C.P.de Candolle, Monogr. Phan. 3: 895 (1881)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:578 (Ku, PH, Li, La, Ni, O); Wood & LeGrande 2006:22 (Le); Wagner et al. 1990/Kastalsky s.n. LE (O†, 1826)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Description Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Sicyos maximowiczii NW part bunchgrass Preserved_Specimen vine Herbst, D.R. 6535 Laysan Island BISH 1980-07-14
2 Sicyos maximowiczii 1 mi W of Kii Grassy, sandy flats. Preserved_Specimen Elongate vine climbing in Prosopis tree, lvs. pale green, veins lighter, male fl. white. Also common on Kaali cliff. St.John, H. 23567 Niihau BISH 1949-03-29
3 Sicyos maximowiczii NW part bunchgrass Preserved_Specimen vine Herbst, D.R. 6534 Laysan Island BISH 1980-07-14
4 Sicyos maximowiczii Central open plain, inner edge Climbing on Scaevola. Preserved_Specimen Clay, H.F. Kure Atoll BISH 1959-10-03
5 Sicyos maximowiczii SE Island Preserved_Specimen prostrate vine Wilder, G.P. 4 Pearl & Hermes Atoll BISH 1923-05-18
6 Sicyos maximowiczii Kure Atoll Preserved_Specimen Lamoureux, C.H. 1902 Kure Atoll BISH 1961-09-12
7 Sicyos maximowiczii Western part of the island Preserved_Specimen Vine. Herbst, D.R. 6480 Pearl & Hermes Atoll BISH 1980-07-07
8 Sicyos maximowiczii N end, 50 yds. from N end of lagoon Preserved_Specimen prostrate vine, 10-15 cm high. Tendril 4-branched, stem hairy, leaves short-hairy Daniel, C.W. 32 Laysan Island BISH 1959-07-26
9 Sicyos maximowiczii SE Island, E side Preserved_Specimen vine, yellow racemes Caum, E.L. 42 Pearl & Hermes Atoll BISH 1923-04-26
10 Sicyos maximowiczii Preserved_Specimen extra lge leaf Kepler, A.K. 92.24 Laysan Island BISH 1992-04-16
11 Sicyos maximowiczii 26 degrees N, 172 degrees W Preserved_Specimen Kepler, A.K. Laysan Island BISH 1992-04-16
12 Sicyos maximowiczii Green Island Preserved_Specimen Lamoureux, C.H. 2280 Kure Atoll BISH 1962-12-16
13 Sicyos maximowiczii Seal Island, east half of higher part of island Preserved_Specimen Caum, E.L. 53 Pearl & Hermes Atoll BISH 1923-04-27
14 Sicyos maximowiczii Preserved_Specimen Kepler, A.K. 92.3 Laysan Island BISH 1992-04-14
15 Sicyos maximowiczii [Hawaiian Islands; U.S.A.; North-West Hawaiian Islands; Kure Atoll; Hawaii; Honolulu Preserved_Specimen Caum, E.L. 13 Kure Atoll BISH 1923-04-18
16 Sicyos maximowiczii SE Island, W portion, interior Preserved_Specimen Long, C.R. 2280 Pearl & Hermes Atoll BISH 1964-09-16
17 Sicyos maximowiczii Seal Island, east half of higher part of island Preserved_Specimen Caum, E.L. 53 Pearl & Hermes Atoll BISH 1923-04-27
18 Sicyos maximowiczii Laysan Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 9059 Laysan Island BISH 1988-06-19
19 Sicyos maximowiczii Kure Atoll Preserved_Specimen Lamoureux, C.H. 1901 Kure Atoll BISH 1961-09-12
20 Sicyos maximowiczii Laysan Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 9065 Laysan Island BISH 1988-06-25
21 Sicyos maximowiczii Lehua Island Preserved_Specimen Long, C.R. 3017 Lehua Rock BISH 1965-05-04
22 Sicyos maximowiczii Seal Island Preserved_Specimen Caum, E.L. 53 Pearl & Hermes Atoll BISH 1923-04-27
23 Sicyos maximowiczii Laysan Preserved_Specimen pickled fruit: 1.5 diam., round with ~25 blunt-tipped segments. Beardsley, J.W. Laysan Island BISH 1962-06-15
24 Sicyos maximowiczii Laysan Preserved_Specimen green pea colored blossom Bryan, W.A. Laysan Island BISH 1911-05-01
25 Sicyos maximowiczii Laysan Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 9065 Laysan Island BISH 1988-06-25
26 Sicyos maximowiczii Lehua Rock Preserved_Specimen Caum, E.L. 22 Lehua Rock BISH 1931-04-19
27 Sicyos maximowiczii Green Island. Common in Scaevola and E & SE portions of plain Preserved_Specimen Lamoureux, C.H. 2795 Kure Atoll BISH 1964-08-15
28 Sicyos maximowiczii [Hawaiian Islands; U.S.A.; North-West Hawaiian Islands; Kure Atoll; Hawaii; Honolulu Preserved_Specimen Lamoureux, C.H. 1901 Kure Atoll BISH 1961-09-12
29 Sicyos maximowiczii Preserved_Specimen Kepler, A.K. 922 Laysan Island BISH 1992-04-14
30 Sicyos maximowiczii Preserved_Specimen Kepler, A.K. 9227 Laysan Island BISH 1992-01-01
31 Sicyos maximowiczii Preserved_Specimen Kepler, A.K. 92.4 Laysan Island BISH 1992-04-14
32 Sicyos maximowiczii 26 degrees N, 172 degrees W Preserved_Specimen Kepler, A.K. Laysan Island BISH 1992-04-16
33 Sicyos maximowiczii Laysan Preserved_Specimen Bryan, W.A. Laysan Island BISH 1903-04-01
34 Sicyos maximowiczii Laysan Preserved_Specimen Schauinsland, H.H. Laysan Island BISH 1896-04-07
35 Sicyos maximowiczii Laysan Preserved_Specimen Bryan, W.A. Laysan Island BISH 1903-04-01
36 Sicyos maximowiczii 26 degrees N, 172 degrees W Preserved_Specimen Kepler, A.K. Laysan Island BISH 1992-04-16
37 Sicyos maximowiczii N Island, central plain with Solanum, Eragrostis, Tribulus, Lepidium, Boerhavia Preserved_Specimen vine Young, A.L. 121 Pearl & Hermes Atoll BISH 1964-08-20
38 Sicyos maximowiczii SE Island, W portion, interior Preserved_Specimen Long, C.R. 2280 Pearl & Hermes Atoll BISH 1964-09-16
39 Sicyos maximowiczii Ocean Island, central plain Scaevola islands in central plain, and nearby. Preserved_Specimen Climbing vine. Flower tiny, yellow, in large open panicles. Ripe fruit not seen. Caum, E.L. 13 Kure Atoll BISH 1923-04-18
40 Sicyos maximowiczii N end over Scaevola shrubs Preserved_Specimen vine Long, C.R. 2314 Lisianski Island BISH 1964-09-18
41 Sicyos maximowiczii Green Island over Scaevola shrubs, edge of central plain Preserved_Specimen vine Herbst, D.R. 6289 Kure Atoll BISH 1979-01-04
42 Sicyos maximowiczii on E side of lagoon at Laysan In sandy, moist soil with Ipomoea pes-caprae & Pluchea indica Preserved_Specimen Vine; flower w/yellow stamen; petals of female flower yellow. Fruit dark brown when ripe, green when unripe. Conant, S. 163 Laysan Island BISH 1983-07-23
43 Sicyos maximowiczii NW part near Cocos grove, with Eragrostis, Ipomoea, Boerhavia, Pluchea Preserved_Specimen Young, A.L. 164 Laysan Island BISH 1964-09-17
44 Sicyos maximowiczii Lehua Rock; N slope over vegetation Preserved_Specimen herbaceous vine; male flowers pale greenish yellow, fruit whitish tomentose Lorence, D.H. 7130 Lehua Rock BISH 1992-01-10
45 Sicyos maximowiczii W coast, central sandy, with Eragrostis, Ipomoea, Boerhavia, Tribulus Preserved_Specimen vine, 0.1-0.2 m high Conant, S. 187 Lisianski Island BISH 1983-08-08
46 Sicyos maximowiczii central with Ipomoea indica and Tribulus Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 6495 Lisianski Island BISH 1980-07-11
47 Sicyos maximowiczii Northwestern Hawaiian Islands On the east side of the lagoon in moist sandy soil. Associated species: Ipomoea pes-caprae & Pluchea indica. Preserved_Specimen Plant with both male and female yellow flowers. Grows like a vine up to 1 m tall. Conant, S. 164 Laysan Island BISH 1983-07-23
48 Sicyos maximowiczii 1 mi W of Kii Grassy, sandy flats Preserved_Specimen Elongate vine climbing in Prosopis tree, lvs. pale green, veins lighter, male fl. white. Also common on Kaali cliff. St.John, H. 23567 Niihau BISH 1949-03-29
49 Sicyos maximowiczii N end, inland beyond 2 Casuarina trees Preserved_Specimen vine with white yellow flowers Young, A.L. 135 Lisianski Island BISH 1964-08-22
50 Sicyos maximowiczii 300 yds. from N shore on dead Scaevola, sandy, north-facing, very gentle slope Preserved_Specimen Shelton, P.C. 403 Lisianski Island BISH 1966-06-16
51 Sicyos maximowiczii Northwestern Hawaiian Islands In damp sandy soil in a dense mat with Ipomoea pes-caprae on the west side of lagoon. Preserved_Specimen Creeping vine; flower yellow and hirsute; fruit hirsute with greenish-whitish hairs. Conant, S. 158 Laysan Island BISH 1983-07-22
52 Sicyos maximowiczii 1 mi W of Kii Grassy, sandy flats Preserved_Specimen Elongate vine climbing in Prosopis tree, lvs. pale green, veins lighter, male fl. white. Also common on Kaali cliff. St.John, H. 23567 Niihau BISH 1949-03-29
53 Sicyos maximowiczii Northwestern Hawaiian Islands In damp sandy soil with Ipomoea pes-caprae on the west side of lagoon. Preserved_Specimen Creeping vine growing in a dense mat. Flower w/yellow stamen and petals; of female flower yellow. Conant, S. 161 Laysan Island BISH 1983-07-22
54 Sicyos maximowiczii N end of lagoon coconut groove Preserved_Specimen vine with white flowers Herbst, D.R. 6518 Laysan Island BISH 1980-07-13
55 Sicyos maximowiczii Lehua, upper inner crescent. Panicum torridum-Chenopodium murale-Ageratum conyzoides association with adjacent Portulaca oleracea-Jacquemontia ovalifolia associations within meters of each other. Panicum torridum-Sicyos maximowiczii, which is a grass and vine association, can also be observed com Preserved_Specimen annual vine with trailing stems up to 10 m long, observed on both inner and outer crescent Wood, K.R. 9297 Lehua Rock BISH 2002-02-19
56 Sicyos maximowiczii NW side of lagoon flat, with Ipomoea Preserved_Specimen Long, C.R. 2367 Laysan Island BISH 1964-09-19
57 Sicyos maximowiczii SE Island Growing with Tribulus, Boerhavia, Solanum nelsonii, Setaria. Preserved_Specimen Vine. Young, A.L. 117 Pearl & Hermes Atoll BISH 1964-08-18
58 Sicyos maximowiczii E end sand, climbing over Scaevola Preserved_Specimen vine Long, C.R. 2317 Lisianski Island BISH 1964-09-18
59 Sicyos maximowiczii Seal-Kittery sandy soil Preserved_Specimen creeping vine Conant, S. 84070701 Pearl & Hermes Atoll BISH 1987-07-07
60 Sicyos maximowiczii Ocean Island, central plain Scaevola islands in central plain, and nearby. Preserved_Specimen Climbing vine. Flower tiny, yellow, in large open panicles. Ripe fruit not seen. Caum, E.L. 13 Kure Atoll BISH 1923-04-18
61 Sicyos maximowiczii Waimea district Ridge between Pritchardia Gulch. Coastal Dry Shrubland w/ Cenchrus ciliaris- Setaria verticillata- Pluchea Chenopodium murale, Solanum americanum, Bidens pilosa, Heteropogon contortus, Gossypium, SIda fallax, Abitilon grandifolium, Canavalia napaliensis, Sida fallax, Jacquemontia sandwicensis, Sicyos maxim Preserved_Specimen Leaves medium green dull w/ lighter green venation. Stem light green square, tendrils and calyx light green. Stamens yellow. Fruit below male flower fuzzy light green. Tangalin, N. 3197 Lehua Rock BISH 2012-05-07
62 Sicyos maximowiczii Northwestern Hawaiian Islands In damp sandy soil in a dense mat with Ipomoea pes-caprae on the west side of lagoon. Preserved_Specimen Creeping vine. Conant, S. 162 Laysan Island BISH 1983-07-22
63 Sicyos maximowiczii NW part near Cocos grove, with Eragrostis, Ipomoea, Boerhavia, Pluchea Preserved_Specimen Young, A.L. 164 Laysan Island BISH 1964-09-17
64 Sicyos maximowiczii 1 mi W of Kii Grassy, sandy flats Preserved_Specimen Elongate vine climbing in Prosopis tree, lvs. pale green, veins lighter, male fl. white. Also common on Kaali cliff. St.John, H. 23567 Niihau BISH 1949-03-29
65 Sicyos maximowiczii Seal Island over coral rubble, with Lepidium owaihense, Lepturus repens, Solanum nelsoni, Boerhavia, Tribulus, Portulaca Preserved_Specimen Carlquist, S. 2318 Pearl & Hermes Atoll BISH 1966-09-20
66 Sicyos maximowiczii Laysan Island climbing over brush Preserved_Specimen vine Wilder, G.P. 473 Laysan Island BISH 1930-08-10
67 Sicyos maximowiczii N end over Scaevola shrubs Preserved_Specimen Long, C.R. 2315 Lisianski Island BISH 1964-09-18
68 Sicyos maximowiczii 1 mi W of Kii Grassy, sandy flats Preserved_Specimen Elongate vine climbing in Prosopis tree, lvs. pale green, veins lighter, male fl. white. Also common on Kaali cliff. St.John, H. 23567 Niihau BISH 1949-03-29
69 Sicyos maximowiczii 1 mi W of Kii Grassy, sandy flats Preserved_Specimen Elongate vine climbing in Prosopis tree, lvs. pale green, veins lighter, male fl. white. Also common on Kaali cliff. St.John, H. 23567 Niihau BISH 1949-03-29
70 Sicyos maximowiczii east central moist, sandy Preserved_Specimen creeping vine Conant, S. 84071501 Pearl & Hermes Atoll BISH 1984-07-15
71 Sicyos maximowiczii Green Island, W interior with Tribulus, Boerhavia, Lepidium Preserved_Specimen flowers greenish yellow Young, A.L. 119 Pearl & Hermes Atoll BISH 1964-08-19
72 Sicyos maximowiczii NW part bunchgrass Preserved_Specimen vine Herbst, D.R. 6532 Laysan Island BISH 1980-07-14
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